Objectives: The aim of the study was investigate the pain palliation effect of 2% dose of lidocaine on the periprostatic nerve block in prostate biopsy patients.
Methods: Extended (12 cores) and saturation (22 cores) biopsy patients were included. The patients were separated into three groups: extended biopsy patients (Group I), saturation biopsy patients (Group II), and control group patients undergoing a biopsy procedure for the first time (Group III). All patients received 2% lidocaine (10 mL) on both the seminal vesicular junction and apex of the prostate with transrectal ultrasonography guidance. Following the procedure, the pain levels of patients were assessed using a 10-cm linear Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Results: Following the procedure, the VAS values of each group were 2.96±1.06, 3.2±1.47, and 2.93±0.94, respectively (p>0.05). While the highest pain score was seen in the saturation group patients (II), the lowest pain level was seen in the control biopsy group (III). However, no statistical di erence was observed among the groups.
Conclusion: Herein, we observed that a local injection using 2% lidocaine was effective as local anesthetic in recurrent prostate biopsies. In addition, it was found that the pain level increases as the number of cores taken in recurrent prostate biopsies increases; however, this has not been established statistically.

Objectives: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are observed in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and without aura (MWO), but there are a limited number of studies regarding patients with MWA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors which may play a role in the development of WMHs in patients with MWO.
Methods: This observational, analytical, case-control study was conducted between June 2016 and January 2017. It included 21 patients with MWO who had WMHs on brain MRI and 19 patients with MWO who tested normal on MRI (control group) at the Neurology Department Outpatient Polyclinic, Ankara Training and Research Hospital. The patients’ data (history, family history, neurological examination findings, echocardiography findings, and cerebral MRI findings) were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Age, gender, body mass index, blood lipid level, migraine duration, localization of headache, average number of headache per month, medication for headache attack, and echocardiography findings were similar between the two groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, we did not find any association between cardiovascular risk factors and WMHs development in patients with MWO. The association of risk factors other than cardiovascular risk factors (genetic factors and oxidative stress) with the development of WMHs in patients with MWO should also be studied in future.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of remifentanil administration prior to slow and fast rocuronium infusion on hemodynamic changes and rocuronium injection pain in pediatric patients.
Methods: In total, 120 5–15-year-old ASA score I/II pediatric patients were included in the study. Group A: slow rocuronium injection-saline; group B: slow rocuronium injection (0.6 mg/kg IV)-remifentanyl; group C: fast rocuronium injection-saline; and group D: fast rocuronium injection-remifentanyl. Withdrawal movement after rocuronium injection was recorded based on a 3-point response to withdrawal score. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded.
Results: One minute after rocuronium injection, HR values were found to be lower in remifentanil groups (p: 0.0001; 101.4±22.1, p: 0.003; 99.8±18.3 in group B and D, respectively) compared with those in placebo groups (p: 0.025; 107.4±21.7, p: 0.012; 114.0±16.4 in group A and C, respectively). With respect to the response to withdrawal scores, unresponsiveness rates were the highest in group B (66.7%) and group D (70%). The number of non-responder patients was 9 in saline-administered groups (group A and C), whereas it was 20 and 21 in remifentanil-administered groups (group B and D, respectively). Generalized responses were observed predominantly in groups A (20%) and C (20%). Generalized responses were highest in groups A (20%, n=6) and C (20%, n=6).
Conclusion: There was no impact of infusion speed on rocuronium injection pain in pediatric cases, whereas it is concluded that remifentanil administration prior to rocuronium injection considerably reduced rocuronium injection pain regardless of injection speed and without serious hemodynamic changes.

Objectives: This study is performed with the aim of prospectively analyzing the factors that affect pain, anxiety, and depression in cases for whom bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are performed and the relationships among them.
Methods: This study consisted of 90 patients who consulted to Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and followed-up for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy indication. The data was gathered using a personal information form, Hospital Anxiety Depression scale, and Wong–Baker face pain scale where generally face expressions exist.
Results: The average age of the patients who participated in the study was 50.90 years (16.59), and the pain level after the application was 1.98 (1.33). After the application, a positive relationship is determined between the pain level and anxiety (r=−0.79; p=0.02), whereas this has a negative relationship with age (r=0.78; p=0.03).
Conclusion: As a result, pain develops depending on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy; therefore, taking precautions aimed at alleviating pain and evaluation of pain before and after the application within the scope of total maintenance have been suggested.

Amaç: Methemoglobulinemi nadir görülen ancak ölümcül sonuçları olan acil bir durumdur. Literatürde lokal anestezikler ve bunlar içinde yer alan lidokaine bağlı methemoglobinemi oluşumuna ilişkin vakaların olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmamız lidokain kullanılan hastalarda methemoglobulinemi insidansını belirlemek amacıyla kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bir üniversite hastanesinin acil servisine Mayıs 2014-Mayıs 2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran küçük cerrahi işlem nedeniyle lidokain uygulanması gereken 88 hasta çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. İşlem öncesi ve sonrası methemoglobulin değerleri ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 33.85 (±17.58) olup hastaların %83’ü erkekti. İşlem öncesi ve işlem sonrası karşılaştırıldığında lidokainin 2 mg/kg kullanımına göre methemoglobin, hemoglobin ve hemotokrit değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamadı (p=0.604, p=0.502 and p=0.367).

Tension-type headache has a very high socioeconomic impact, and its lifetime prevalence is reported to be between 30% and 78% in different studies. It is widely acknowledged that noninvasive management with a multidisciplinary approach should be considered for the treatment of tension-type headache. Cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation exercises are efficient techniques. This article illustrates the application of a cognitive behavioral therapy protocol enhanced with progressive muscle stretching and relaxation exercises in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache via a case report. Our patient had an ongoing headache for 6 years when he was referred to us by the department of psychiatry. After 10 cognitive behavioral therapy sessions, the patient had learned to notice muscle tension and relax the muscles as well as to recognize and express his emotions in a better way. He became aware of automatic thoughts and learned to find alternative thoughts. Headache severity decreased, and he was able to increase participation in daily life activities.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between contact lens (CL) usage and migraine attacks. Our patient who began using CL with different base curves experienced discomfort and burning of the eyes. The ocular complaints were followed by migraine attacks. The frequency of migraine attacks decreased significantly when the flatter base curve was selected. We assessed the potential causal relationship between CL and migraine.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be an effective method for treating many chronic pain syndromes. In addition, providing pain relief with SCS can reduce immobilization and complications related to immobilization. The present case describes pulmonary embolism (PE) that occurred in patient being treated with SCS for post-laminectomy syndrome. The possibility of PE must be kept in mind while treating patients with SCS.