Objectives: To investigate the association between self-reported low back pain (LBP) and lower limb disability as well as the association between neck pain and upper limb disability.
Methods: A hundred twenty-six participants registered as a healthcare staff member were included in this cross-sectional study. The presence of neck and LBP were determined using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Neck and LBP/disability were measured with the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Upper and lower limb disability were measured with the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) and Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), respectively.
Results: Participants reporting LBP had more musculoskeletal complaints in the lower limbs (p<0.001) and similarly participants reporting neck pain also reported more musculoskeletal complaints in the upper limbs (p<0.001). There was a correlation between the ODI and WOMAC in the participant reporting LBP during the 12 months (ρ=0.510, p<0.001) and during the last 7 days (ρ=0.674, p<0.001). The NPAD was correlated with the Quick-DASH in the participants reporting neck pain during the last 12 months (ρ=0.659, p<0.001) and the last 7 days (ρ=0.734, p<0.001).
Conclusion: People reporting more severe LBP also reported high levels of lower limb disability. This association was also existing between the neck pain and upper limb disability.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of two different dry needling (DN) techniques (deep dry needling & peppering) in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).
Methods: Seventy-two patients, who were diagnosed as MPS at our outpatient clinic were randomly assigned into two groups as deep dry needling (DDN) and peppering. All patients were evaluated four times as: before the treatment and 1–5–12 weeks after the completion of treatment protocol. In each evaluation, Visual analogue scale (VAS), Nottingham extended activities of daily living scale (NEADLS), Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores were recorded. Additionally, all patients were evaluated for the pain felt during the procedure and side effect profile.
Results: Twenty-six patients from DDN group and twenty-eight patients from peppering group accomplished the follow-up period. Both DDN and peppering seem to be effective for relieving pain and depressive symptoms and improving functionality compared to baseline when evaluated on the 1st, 5th and 12th weeks. On the other hand the intergroup analyses showed no significant differences between DDN and peppering groups. The only significant difference between the groups is the lesser pain felt during the procedure in the DDN group.
Conclusion: Both DDN and peppering are effective in MPS and the effects last up to 12 weeks. Also the adverse event profiles of the two techniques are similar. On the other hand, DDN is a painless procedure.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and to determine the effects of earthquake experience on the perception in migraine patients.
Methods: The sample was composed of 62 outpatients, consisting of with migraine diagnosis who were in Erciş during earthquake (n=33) and who had never had any earthquake experience (n=29).The interview form, IPQ-R and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) were applied. The study was carried out on migraine patients whose mean age was 31 and who had been diagnosed since 7.8 years. Comparison of groups with earthquake experience (group1) and without experience (group 2) there were no difference in point of demographic findings and disease severity (p>0.05).
Results: In the part concerning the manifestations of the disease, the most frequently manifestations were found pain, headache and fatige. The test was determined to be reliable. Illness coherence and timeline (cyclic) subscale scores (p<0.05) and BDS score (z: -2.006, p<0.05)were significantly higher in group 1. Although an earthquake caused an increase in depression scores did not cause much change in the IPQ-R scores. Group1 understand disease better and realize of the cyclical nature of the disease. Other perception parameters of the disease were same in both groups.
Conclusion: A severe life event such as an earthquake did not much change IPQ-R scores in migraine patients. The results of this study demonstrated that IPQ could be used reliably in the Turkish migraine patients.

Objectives: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used for various indications such as Failed Back Surgey Syndrome, peripheral causalgia, neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, peripheral vascular disease, ischemic heart disease and cancer pain.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. 62 patients applied SCS were included in retrospective study from february 2011-january 2015 in Akdeniz University medicine faculty algology department. We asked about patients’ VAS values before and after procedure, analgesic medicine usings, sleep disorders, pleasure after procedure, daily activity improvement and time of going back to work.
Results: We found that decrease on the patients’ pain severity and improvement on quality of sleep and daily activities.
Conclusion: As a result; our study and the other studies show that SCS is reliable and effective procedure on chronic pain management.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of greater occipital nerve (GON) block in the treatment of migraine patients.
Methods: This study included 28 patients diagnosed with migraine between 2014 and 2015. The GON block procedure was applied by administering 1.5 ml of 2% lidocaine 2 cm lateral and 2 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance. The patients were evaluated in respect of VAS scores, attack frequency, attack duration and the need for analgesia before the procedure. These parameters were evaluated again at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the procedure.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.21±10.13 years. The mean VAS score was 9.28±0.72 before the procedure and 2.96±2.16 at 1 week, 2.60±1.96 at 1 month and 1.75±1.37 at 3 months. The frequency of attacks was 9.42±4.51 before the procedure and, 5.42±3.30 at 1 month and 3.57±3.14 at 3 months.
Conclusion: GON block with 1.5 ml of 2% lidocaine is a safe, simple and effective treatment method for migraine headache.

Leriche syndrome is a disease that is characterized by a thrombotic occlusion in the aorta, frequently in the renal artery distal. The classical symptoms of this syndrome include pain in the lower extremities emerging during activity ( claudication ), impalpability of the femoral pulses and impotency in male patients. The definitive diagnosis of claudication, due to insufficient circulation as well as neurogenic-caused claudication, is hard. Medical history, physical examination and monitoring methods are important for definitive diagnosis. Impalpability of bilateral femoral pulses in physical examination may be a sign of leriche syndrome. With colored doppler ultrasonography, it can be demonstrated in cases having Leriche syndrome that there is no circulation in both iliac arteries. In these patients, thrombotic occlusion of the aorta shall be confirmed by computed tomography angiography. This case that we present is a case of Leriche syndrome in which the patient came to the hospital with the complaint of claudication and was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. Since vascular pathologies were not considered in definitive diagnosis, the treatment was delayed and it resulted in mortality; for this reason it is important. In the case of patients coming to hospital with complaints of leg pain, the vascular pathologies shall be thought of in the definitive diagnosis and the clinicians, and in that way leading to the diagnosis, shall depend on detailed patient history and comprehensive physical examination.

Pain heel constitutes 15% of foot pain. Pain may be caused by plantar fasciitis, calcaneal fractures, calcaneal apophysitis, heel pad atrophy, inflammatory diseases or related with nerve involvement. Tibial, plantar and/or medial nerve entrapment are the neural causes of pain. Most of the heel soft tissue sensation is provided by medial calcaneal nerve. Diagnosis of heel pain due to neural causes depends on history and a careful examination. Surgery should not be undertaken before excluding other causes of heel pain. Diagnosis should be reconsidered following conservative therapy.

Recently, headache associated with airplane travel has gained importance with case reports and took its place in the classification of headache in 2013. This rare condition has different spesific characteristic from the primary headaches and its pathophysiology is not clear yet. In this case report, a 27-years-old female patient was diagnosed with the headache associated with airplane travel by history, examination and imaging findings. The possible pathophysiology and treatment were discussed.

Lacosamide (LCM) is a newer antiepileptic drug with a favorable safety profile used in partial epilepsy as add-on therapy. The most common side effects include dizziness, headache, diplopia, nausea, and vomiting. A 32-year-old female with a 2-year history of epilepsy was admitted to our hospital because of seizure. LCM was added for further seizure control 20 days before the current presentation. LCM dosage was reduced because of headache and headache violence to reduce. Great Occipital Nerve (GON) blockade, with bupivacaine (2 mg), were performed in the right occipital region. GON blockade was find effective in LCM induced headache.