Validity and reliability study of the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment Scale in Turkish population

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to translate the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) Scale into Turkish, perform its cultural adaptation, and evaluate its validity and reliability in Turkish patients.

Patients and Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included a total of 105 patients with pain lasting at least one week between March 2026 and June 2026. The translation process followed standardized forward–backward procedures. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest analysis (n = 68, 48-72 h). Construct validity was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis, and convergent validity was examined using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).

Results: Of a total of 105 participants, 37 were male and 68 were female with a mean age of 46.90 ± 11.974 (range, 23 to 71) years. In the study, the CAPA-TR showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.859) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.959). Item–total correlations were above 0.30 for all items. Floor and ceiling effects were below acceptable thresholds. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure explaining 66.2% of the total variance. No significant correlation was found between CAPA-TR scores and NRS.

Conclusion: Our study results suggest that CAPA-TR is a valid and reliable multidimensional tool for pain assessment in Turkish-speaking patients. It provides a practical and patient-centered approach that may support more comprehensive evaluation of pain in clinical practice.

Cite this article as: Sancar M. Validity and reliability study of the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment scale in Turkish population. Agri 2026;38(3):173-180. doi: 10.5606/agri.2026.148.

The author declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

The author declare that artificial intelligence (AI) tools were not used, or were used solely for language editing, and had no role in data analysis, interpretation, or the formulation of conclusions. All scientific content, data interpretation, and conclusions are the sole responsibility of the author. The author further confirm that AI tools were not used to generate, fabricate, or ‘hallucinate’ references, and that all references have been carefully verified for accuracy.

The author received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.

Data Sharing Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.